Visual Studio 2015 快速起步

Some developers prefer Visual Studio as their Integrated Development Environment (IDE).

有些开发者喜欢用Visual Studio。

This cookbook describes the steps required to set up and use the Angular QuickStart files in Visual Studio 2015 within an ASP.NET 4.x project.

本烹饪宝典介绍了在Visual Studio 2015的ASP.NET 4.x项目中，用Angular实现“快速起步”所需的步骤。

There is no live example for this cookbook because it describes Visual Studio, not the QuickStart application itself.

本烹饪宝典中没有在线例子，因为它介绍的是Visual Studio，而不是《快速起步》应用程序本身。

ASP.NET 4.x Project

ASP.NET 4.x 项目

To set up the QuickStart files with an ASP.NET 4.x project in Visual Studio 2015, follow these steps:

要用Visual Studio 2015在ASP.NET 4.x项目中设置《快速起步》文件，请遵循如下步骤：

If you prefer a File | New Project experience and are using ASP.NET Core, then consider the experimental ASP.NET Core + Angular template for Visual Studio 2015. Note that the resulting code does not map to the docs. Adjust accordingly.

如果你希望使用ASP.NET Core并体验全新项目， 参见预览版ASP.NET Core + Angular template for Visual Studio 2015。 注意，最终代码与本文不对应，请适当调节。

Prerequisite: Node.js

前提条件: Node.js

Install Node.js® and npm if they are not already on your machine.

如果你的电脑里没有Node.js®和npm，请安装它们。

Verify that you are running node version 4.6.x or greater, and npm 3.x.x or greater by running node -v and npm -v in a terminal window. Older versions produce errors.

在终端或者控制台中运行node -v和npm -v，请确认你的Node版本为4.6.x或更高，npm的版本为3.x.x或更高。老版本会引起错误。

Prerequisite: Visual Studio 2015 Update 3

前提条件: Visual Studio 2015 Update 3

The minimum requirement for developing Angular applications with Visual Studio is Update 3. Earlier versions do not follow the best practices for developing applications with TypeScript. To view your version of Visual Studio 2015, go to Help | About Visual Studio.

使用Visual Studio开发Angular应用程序的最低要求是Update 3。 早期版本没有遵循使用TypeScript开发应用程序的最佳实践。 要查看你的Visual Studio 2015版本号，到Help | About Visual Studio。

If you don't have it, install Visual Studio 2015 Update 3. Or use Tools | Extensions and Updates to update to Update 3 directly from Visual Studio 2015.

如果还没有，安装Visual Studio 2015 Update 3。或者使用Tools | Extensions and Updates来直接在Visual Studio 2015中更新到Update 3。

Prerequisite: Configure External Web tools

前提条件: 配置External Web tools

Configure Visual Studio to use the global external web tools instead of the tools that ship with Visual Studio:

配置Visual Studio来使用全局External Web Tools，而非Visual Studio默认的工具：

Visual Studio now looks first for external tools in the current workspace and if it doesn't find them, it looks in the global path. If Visual Studio doesn't find them in either location, it will use its own versions of the tools.

Visual Studio将优先在当前的工作区查找外部工具，如果没有找到，便查找全局路径，如果还没有找到，Visual Studio就使用自带的工具版本。

Prerequisite: Install TypeScript 2.2 for Visual Studio 2015

前提条件: 安装TypeScript 2.2 for Visual Studio 2015

While Visual Studio Update 3 ships with TypeScript support out of the box, it currently doesn’t ship with TypeScript 2.2, which you need to develop Angular applications.

Visual Studio Update 3自带TypeScript支持，但是它的TypeScript版本开发Angular应用需要的不是2.2。

To install TypeScript 2.2:

要安装TypeScript 2.2：

You can find out more about TypeScript 2.2 support in Visual studio here.

你可以在这儿查看更多Visual Studio中TypeScript 2.2的支持。

At this point, Visual Studio is ready. It’s a good idea to close Visual Studio and restart it to make sure everything is clean.

至此，Visual Studio准备好了。重新启动Visual Stuido，这样我们可以有一个崭新的开始。

Step 1: Download the QuickStart files

第一步: 现在“快速起步”文件

Download the QuickStart source from GitHub. If you downloaded as a zip file, extract the files.

从GitHub下载“快速起步”的源代码。如果下载的是一个压缩的zip文件，解压它。

Step 2: Create the Visual Studio ASP.NET project

第二步：创建Visual Studio ASP.net项目

Create the ASP.NET 4.x project in the usual way as follows:

按照下列步骤创建ASP.NET 4.x项目：

This cookbook uses the Empty template with no added folders, no authentication, and no hosting. Pick the template and options appropriate for your project.

本烹饪宝典选择了Empty模板，它没有添加过任何目录，没有身份验证，没有服务器托管。为你的项目选择合适的模板和选项。

Step 3: Copy the QuickStart files into the ASP.NET project folder

第三步: 把“快速起步”的文件复制到ASP.NET项目所在的目录

Copy the QuickStart files you downloaded from GitHub into the folder containing the .csproj file. Include the files in the Visual Studio project as follows:

拷贝从GitHub下载的“快速起步”文件到包含.csproj文件的目录中。按照下面的步骤把它们加到Visual Studio中：

Step 4: Restore the required packages

第四步: 恢复需要的包

Restore the packages required for an Angular application as follows:

按下面的步骤恢复Angular应用程序需要的包：

Step 5: Build and run the app

第五步：构建和运行应用

First, ensure that src/index.html is set as the start page. Right-click index.html in Solution Explorer and select option Set As Start Page.

首先，确认src/index.html已被设置为开始页面。 在Solution Explorer中，右键点击index.html，选择选项Set As Start Page。

To run in VS with F5

Most Visual Studio developers like to press the F5 key and see the IIS server come up. To use the IIS server with the QuickStart app, you must make the following three changes.

  1. In index.html, change base href from <base href="/"> to <base href="/src/">.
  2. Also in index.html, change the scripts to use /node_modules with a slash instead of node_modules without the slash.
  3. In src/systemjs.config.js, near the top of the file, change the npm path to /node_modules/ with a slash.

After these changes, npm start no longer works. You must choose to configure either for F5 with IIS or for npm start with the lite-server.

For apps that use routing

If your app uses routing, you need to teach the server to always return index.html when the user asks for an HTML page for reasons explained in the Deployment guide.

Everything seems fine while you move about within the app. But you'll see the problem right away if you refresh the browser or paste a link to an app page (called a "deep link") into the browser address bar.

You'll most likely get a 404 - Page Not Found response from the serer for any address other than / or /index.html.

You have to configure the server to return index.html for requests to these "unknown" pages. The lite-server development server does out-of-the-box. If you've switched over to F5 and IIS, you have to configure IIS to do it. This section walks through the steps to adapt the QuickStart application.

Configure IIS rewrite rules

Visual Studio ships with IIS Express, which has the rewrite module baked in. However, if you're using regular IIS you'll have to install the rewrite module.

Tell Visual Studio how to handle requests for route app pages by adding these rewrite rules near the bottom of the web.config:

<system.webServer> <rewrite> <rules> <rule name="Angular Routes" stopProcessing="true"> <match url=".*" /> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll"> <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsFile" negate="true" /> <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsDirectory" negate="true" /> </conditions> <action type="Rewrite" url="/src/" /> </rule> </rules> </rewrite> </system.webServer>

The match url, <match url=".*" />, will rewrite every request. You'll have to adjust this if you want some requests to get through, such as web API requests.

The URL in <action type="Rewrite" url="/src/"/> should match the base href in index.html.

Build and launch the app with debugger by clicking the Run button or by pressing F5.

点击Run按钮或者按F5键，用调试器构建和启动应用。

It's faster to run without the debugger by pressing Ctrl-F5.

按Ctrl-F5不带调试器的运行应用，速度会更快。

The default browser opens and displays the QuickStart sample application.

默认浏览器打开并显示《快速起步》例子应用。

Try editing any of the project files. Save and refresh the browser to see the changes.

尝试编辑任何项目文件，保存并刷新浏览器来查看效果。